voir aussi la page "opinions"
Important : Nobel Minds -'Boson H ?'
François Englert refuse l'appellation "Higgs boson", (propose "boson H", comme il y a déjà des bosons W et Z ..) ... Higgs est d'accord,... mais, au passage, les media britanniques et.. le CERN en prennent pour leur grade!
lien vers la video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_BtrInmxd4Ula partie intéressante est juste après 18:47 et jusqu'à la réponse de Peter Higgs
Une semaine à Stockholm .
Samedi: la ronde des limousines "Nobel"
La discussion en panel organisée par les universités de Stockholm,
PLUS d'images en cliquant ICI
Peter Higgs mentionne même que des étudiants le quittèrent parce que les sujets de recherches qu'il proposait n'étaient pas assez "mainstream"!
C'est en écho complet avec la situation que j'ai connue, presque dix ans après ces articles (j'ai fait mon "mémoire de licence" = Master Thesis en 1972-3, puis démarré le doctorat avec FE et RB en 1973): au sein du département de physique, on ne comprenait pas qu'un "bon étudiant" choisisse de travailler dans un groupe perçu comme "marginal".
Ceci amène à s'interroger sur l'évaluation, à trop court terme, de la recherche scientifique
Il fait noir bien avant 17h au centre de Stockholm
PLUS d'images (samedi) en cliquant ICI
Dimanche
Les "Nobel lectures" démarrent à 9h ..
PLUS d'images (dimanche) en cliquant ICI
Lever de soleil sur le port
L'exposé Nobel (FE)
Au Musée Nobel, FE a "signé" sa chaise (celle qui est utilisée dans le café , par les visiteurs).. mais c'est une signature bien différente de l'habituelle (celle-ci
est lisible!)
Exposition temporaire: des robes dessinées pour "évoquer" les prix Nobel , ici ... la physique
Dimanche soir : Concert Nobel
Lundi .. j'ai un jour libre.. jusqu'à la réception du soir,
voici (cliquer ICI) quelques images "au vol" , pour l'atmosphère de la ville (presque pas de monuments!)
Robert Brout et .. la bière belge au Musée Nobel
(crédit photo : J Jottard, ULB, crédit bière : http://www.brasseriedesilenrieux.be)
Nobel Reception
Il semble que les choses doivent toujours être faites "en grand"
Ici, une réception énorme (mais incluant aussi nombre de jeunes étudiants) dans
l'immense "Nordisk Museum"
François Englert et Cécilia Jarlskog, (ex-présidente du comité Nobel, actuelle présidente de l'IUPAP)
Plus d'images ICI
Mardi -- la touche finale!
D'abord, une petite ballade dans la ville... PHOTOS ICI
Au passage, un coup d'oeil au musée Nobel, qui exposera sous peu les objets choisis par François.
Ici la règle à calcul de Maskawa ...
Puis, la cérémonie Nobel.. photos interdites pendant la cérémonie .. aussi je ne les montre pas,
mais voici quelques images avant et après
 |
| Une journaliste belge "en tenue de travail" |
 |
| Jean-Marie Frère , Marc Henneaux (ULB) Paul Windey (Jussieu) , Philippe Spindel (UM et ULB) |
Presqu' enfin, le dîner, en fait tout un spectacle avec un véritable récital de 3 soparanos ..
.. et de nouvelles remarques de lauréats sur le caractère nocif d'une orientation bureaucratique de la recherche
Enfin, une "fin de soirée" étincelante organisée par les étutiants au Karolinska ..mais il y a un moment où on arrête les photos , n'est-ce pas?
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Summary of Panel discussion at Stockholm universities (saturday)
Stockhom universities organized this saturday at Alba Nova campus a "panel discussion"
with Profs François Englert and Peter W Higgs (Nobel laureates) , together with 2 experimenters;
Prof Dave Charlton (spokesman LHC "ATLAS" experiment), and Dr Jonas Strandberg (Swedish member of ATLAS)
In front of a packed room, this was a scientific debate (not advertised out of the scientific community) ,
for which a set of fundamental questions had been collected in advance .. at the end of the debate,
interventions from the audience stressed how revolutionnary the work was in 1964 (from first-hand witnesses),
and what perspectives it opened
While they seldom met (not before the discovery at CERN , in fact) , Higgs and Englert agreed on many points,
even though they would formulate it sometimes differently
One question was .. did they realize they had something important , and were they convinced it would
play a decisive rôle ?
Both did .. Brout and Englert celebrated their discovery right away, and Higgs was convincet it was"rright"
but it was not clear how exactly it would be worked out into testable issues.
In fact , the most obvious direction was strong interactions .. and it turned out to apply better to "weak interacitons"
as was shown by Weinberg in 1967 ...
After successive confirmations of the mechanism (in particular the discovery of the W adn Z particles responsible
for weak interactons at CERN), what reamined to be seen was the exact way in which the mechanism was implemented,
either with a single, elementary (means you cannot break it into sub-constituents) particle, several such particles,
or "composite" object (made of subconstituents) ... this is the essential work that CERN did ..
Questions were going about the mportance of an "elementary" rather than "fundamental particle" , with Higgs
stressing that a fundamental particle was easier and agreed with some mathematical requirements, but Englert
stressing that composite particles could resolve the mathematical consistency in a different way
(Brout and Englert has considered both possibilities, whiel Higgs was mostly
focused on the former)
Experimentalists were asked why it took so long to discover the particle .. Obvioulsy, one question was to
reach sufficient energy to produce a particle which is 125 times heavier than hydrogen ... but this is not
the whole answer .. the machine also needed to have sufficient intensity, because even with sufficient energy
the particle is very seldom produced in interactions ... Another point was to have very fast-reacting
detectors and electronics ... (by the way, the detectors were built taking into account the expected progress
of computers during the construction phase)
Another question was how this "scalar particle" was fitting in a cosmological framework (more simply,
how it fits in the evolution of the Universe). ....
Many fears are associated with "scalar bosons" because they alllow for an important energy density in
the Universe ... enough to make it collapse ...
Contrary to a very repanded view, both theorists argued that these problems were not specific to scalars,
and that we are rather facing difficulties in understanding gravity ...
They were asked whether the newly discovered particle could also be the "motor" behind the expansion
of the Universe (inflation) ... both were skeptical (and specially François Englert who also played an
essential rôle in the notion of "inflation " of the early Universe.
Both Higgs ane Englert stressed that they came to the field with "new eyes", and were not restricted
by preconceptions ..which allowed for a daring (at the time) approach ... recognition was slow at first,
with Higgs loosing graduate students who were scared by his "far form mainstream" attitude ...
The ambiance was joyfull, both Higgs and Englert bursting out in laughter (see pictures) near the end ..
and certainly it was far away from a "media show" , with both paneslists and the audience focused
not only on the physics issues, but also on the teacihings to be learnt about the evolution of science,
and the importance of independant thought -- jmf
---- A slow start
Here is a plot (due to Alexandre Sevrin, VUB) showing the very slow start of citations to the original paper of Brout and Englert ... revolutionary ideas defy publimetry (at the start!)
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